| 1. | Fresh water load line
淡水载重线 |
| 2. | Meanwhile , authors analyzed the effects of some factors , such as solar heating hours , domsteic hot water load on the system economy
然后将其与常规热水系统进行比较，对比其初投资、运行费用，综合热价等指标。 |
| 3. | Through tunnel model test , the action law of external water load on secondary lining with a grouting loop is obtained
根据隧道模型试验理论，通过室内模型试验得出了有注浆堵水圈的隧道衬砌结构外水荷载的作用规律。 |
| 4. | ( 8 ) as for the runnel which is located at a karst zone with a high water level , external water load is the main one , and rock pressure is secondary
门）在岩溶富水区隧道地下水水头较大时，外水荷载是衬砌结构的主要荷载，围岩压力相对来说是次要荷载。 |
| 5. | Water loaded with nutrients and minerals streaming down from the uplands has been the base of production and welfare in the rice based cropping systems of lowlands for centuries in asia
自高地顺流而下含有养分及矿物质的水一直是亚洲几个世纪以来以水稻为主的低地种植制度下生产和生活的基础。 |
| 6. | The main results of the paper are as follows : ( 1 ) the permeability coefficient of surrounding rock and drainage quantity of tunnel are two decisive factors of external water load of tunnel lining
本论文的主要结论是： ( 1 )隧道衬砌外水荷载大小主要由围岩(注浆圈)渗透系数和衬砌背后排水量决定。 |
| 7. | In accordance with railway tunnel design criteria , by using ansys fem program , a comparative analysis of lining structure static behavior is carried out , which is considered both with external water load and without it
利用铁路隧道设计规范有关规定和计算方法，用ansys有限元计算软件，分考虑外水荷载和不计两种情况对衬砌结构的静力受力特征进行比较分析。 |
| 8. | ( 7 ) as for the tunnel which is located at a karst zone with a complicated water environment , considering the safety of the tunnel structure and the result of test and calculation , the design of tunnels should be carried out with external water load
（ 7 ）计算和试验均表明，对于水环境条件复杂的岩溶富水区隧道，为了结构的安全起见，宜接考虑外水荷载的荷载组合原则来设计。 |
| 9. | ( 6 ) according to test result and data , combined with water and geological feature of railway tunnel surrounding rock , a suggested table of decrease coefficient about external water load on railway tunnel lining structure is put forward
（ 6 ）根据试验结果和数据，结合铁路隧道围岩水文地质特征、地下水影响情况以及其他行业有关资料，初步提出了铁路隧道衬砌结构外水荷载折减系数建议表。 |
| 10. | Based on continuous porous medium seepage model , it is assumed that if waterproofing board of complex lining is perfect , the secondary lining is leakproof , thus the formula of external water load on secondary lining with a grouting loop is deduced
以连续孔隙介质渗流模型为基础，假定复合衬砌中防水板施工完好二次衬砌是封闭阻水情况，推导出了有注浆堵水圈的隧道衬砌结构外水荷载计算公式。 |
